Refraction and Esotoropia

Wavefront refraction and correction.

Galileo Galilei, the father of experimental science, taught that to understand nature, you must measure nature. Galileo’s contemporary, Christophoro Scheiner, explored the nature of eyes as optical instruments and discovered how to measure the eye’s focusing distance simply by viewing a point of light through closely spaced pinholes in an opaque card. Two centuries later, Thomas Young used Sche...

The Venus Tablet and Refraction

Macular hole and myopic refraction.

AIM To study a correlation between age at the onset and myopic refraction and axial length in patients with idiopathic macular hole and to evaluate a correlation of the size and surgical outcome of macular hole with axial length. METHODS In a prospective clinical study, 94 eyes of 91 patients with stage III and IV idiopathic macular hole were enrolled. A standardised surgical protocol was per...

3131 Intraocular pressure and refraction

F+wpwe: Mapy studka have shorn that high Intraocukr presaurc may cause a q&k development of myopta In OUI prevtoua uprlmnt, an axhl elongation wea MLKx?d by the lncreale of Intraocular Prwsure on rabblts’F to vtvo.CowequentIy. we helkvcd that an ehngatton of tbeeyebeJlcotibelndwxdlnhumaneyeabylnc~lngtbe Intlaocular preezsure. Ho-, we also wanted to blvcstlgate whether the shortening of the eyeb...

Snell’s Law and Uniform Refraction

1.1. In vector form. Suppose Γ is a surface inR3 that separates two media I and II that are homogeneous and isotropic. Let v1 and v2 be the velocities of propagation of light in the media I and II respectively. The index of refraction of the medium I is by definition n1 = c/v1, where c is the velocity of propagation of light in the vacuum, and similarly n2 = c/v2. If a ray of light∗ having dire...